Reaction nozzle



A a-i127, 1943. ENEUGEBAUER ETAL' REACTION NOZZLE" Original Filed Feb.23, 1939 Patented Apr. 27, 1943 1 REACTION NOZZLE Franz Neugebauer,Allach, near Munich, Anselm Franz, Dessau-Ziebigk, and Siegfried Decherand Kurt Meissner, Dessau, Germany; vested in the Alien PropertyCustodian Original application February 23, 1939; Serial No.

258,082, now Patent No. 2,297,239, dated September 29, 1942.

Divided and this application March 29, 1940, Serial No. 326,810. manyFebruary 25, 193

In Ger- 1 Claim. (o1. fill-3 5.6)

This invention is directed to the construction of a discharge nozzleadapted to be attached to an exhaust manifold of an aircraft enginewherein the reaction pressure of the discharged gases is used to aid inthe propulsion of an aircraft.

This application is a division of application Serial No. 258,082, filedFebruary 23, 1939, issued as Patent No. 2,297,239, on September 29,1942.

It is well known that exhaust gases from an internal combustion enginecan be exhausted through a nozzle in order to produce'a recoil action toaid in the forward propulsion of an aircraft. The degree of reactiveforce obtained depends upon the shape and construction of the nozzle.Because'of the heat and pressures developed by the burning exhaustgases, considerable difiiculty is encountered in properly constructingnozzles of lightweight sheet metal, as the nozzle and particularly thedischarge orifice thereof, is subject to distortion by warping under theheat and pressure of the gases. Furthermore, the nozzle is subject todisintegration and wear of the materials forming the nozzle because ofthe corrosive action of the discharged gases. It is particularlydesirable in aircraft construction to construct the nozzles ofrelatively thin sheet metal in order to minimize the weight of the conathin sheet metal reaction nozzle which is shaped to be reinforcedagainst distortion under the heat and pressure of exhaust gases, and atthe same time has such a shape as will allow it to conform with anengine cowling so that the drag upon an aircraft is minimized.

Generally these objects of the invention are, obtained by constructingat least the discharge orifice end of a nozzle without seams or joints,and preferably by reinfqrcingthe orifice end of the nozzle by flatteningthesame and then arching the flattened structure transversely of thenozzle so that the arched construction gives a nozzles being directedtoward the rear, or at an struction. Improper construction of thenozzles acute angle toward the rear, of an aircraft so that the exhaustgases emerging f1 cm the nozzles give a reactive force which aid inpropelling the aircraft forward. The arched construction provides afurther advantage in that the orifice end of the nozzle can conform withthe shap of the engine cowling, and thus minimizes the drag on theaircraft.

The means by which the objects of the invention are obtained are morefully disclosed in the accompanying drawing, in which: a

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of a nozzle constructed according tothe invention.

Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

give an eflicient recoil-action through the'discharge of exhaust gasestherethrough', and willmaintain its shape under the heat and pressure ofthe gases.

A further object of the invention is to construct a thin sheet metalreaction nozzle which is properly reinforced in order to resistdistortion under the heat and pressure of exhaust gases.

A further object of the invention is to construct a seamless,lightweight, thin sheet metal nozzle of such shape as to be reinforcedagainst distortion under the heat and pressure of exhaust ases.

A further object of the invention is toconstruct 'a thin sheet metalreaction nozzle having a flattened cross section at the dischargeorifice which Fig. 3 is an end View partly in section showing thearrangement of the exhaust nozzlesin combination with a cylinder-in-lineengine and the cowling surrounding the same.

. Fig. 4 is a view similarto Fig. 3 but showing the nozzles applied L0 aradial engine.

In Fig. 1, the exhaustnozzle 4 is constructed from a thin lightweightsheet metal seamless tube. One end 6 of the tube 4 is attached to a base8 which represents the outlet from an exhaust manifold of an internalcombustion en'- gine. End .6 is substantially circular in cross section.From end 6 the tube is gradually flat-'- 'tened towardthe outlet-orificel0 and at'the same time the tube, as shown, is bent along its isreinforced against distortion under the action of hot exhaust gases bybeing arched.

A further object of the invention is to construct longitudinal axis inorder thatthe orifice l0 may stricted. discharge orifice.

In order to reinforce the discharge end of nozzle 4, the flattened sidesthe nozzle are arched to produce arched end edges l2 and M,respectively. This arching gives great rigidity and resistance todeformation of outlet orifice I0 under the heat and pressures of theexhaust gases emitted from the nozzle. Consequently no loss ofefficiency in the reactive force produced by the nozzle will take placeby reason of the outlet wardly with its outlet end orifice l0 directedtoward the rear of the engine. Outer edge ll of the nozzle just projectsslightly outwardly oi cowling l8, the cowling being joined to theportions of the edges connecting edges 12 and I4. Consequently,substantially no part of the exhaust nozzle projects so far outwardly ofthe cowling l8 as to cause an additional drag to be produced upon theaircraft, and the streamlined construction or the cowling issubstantially maintained.

The same form of construction as shown in Fig. 3 can be applied to a.radial engine as illustrated in Fig. 4. In this arrangement the nozzles4 extend outwardly from the cylinders of radial engine 20 surrounded bythe conventional form of cowling 22. As in Fig. 3, the

cowling joins the ends of each exhaust nozzle at the edges connectingedges l2 and I4, and

edge l4 projects but slightly beyond the cuter surface of cowling 22.Therefore the stream- 5 line of cowling 22 is substantially unbroken.

It is thus seen that the invention provides for the construction of athin lightweight sheet metal reaction nozzle which is able to retain itsefiicient nozzle construction by its reinforced 10' arched construction,in spite of the heat and pressure developed by the incandescent exhaustgases, and furthermore that this shape permits the nozzle to be fairedinto the shape of a cowling surrounding the engine to which the nozzleis applied.

Having now described means by which the objects of this invention may beobtained, what we claimas new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:I

A recoil action producing exhaust nozzle for an internal combustionengine surrounded by a cowling comprising a thin. seamless tubularmember substantially cylindrical in cross section at its inner end andhaving the walls thereof curved and gradually flaring to form a widened,flattened arcuate orifice, the longitudinal edges of the edges of saidorifice being disposed in planes substantially parallel to the plane ofsaid cowling, and the end edges of said 30 orifice intersecting theplane of said cowling.

FRANZ NEUGEBAU'ER. -ANSELM FRANZ. SIEIGFRIED DECKER. KURT MEISSNER.

